Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don't benefit from 26 praise as much as we'd like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a 27 effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise 28 , it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be 29 with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of 30 their parents.”
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the 31 . It is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the 32 of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important to 33 between “person praise” and “process praise”. “Person praise is 34 saying how great someone is. It's a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just 35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.
A) choose B) constant C) disappointing D) distinguish E) exhausting F) experienced G) negative H) outcome I) pattern J) plural K) repeatedly L) rewarded M) separately N) simply O) undertaken
当我儿子完成一项任务时，我忍不住要表扬他。在该表扬时给予表扬是很自然的，对吧？但是，有没有过度表扬这一说呢？
心理学家凯瑟琳·菲利普认为，孩子们并不像我们想象的那样从 26 不断的表扬中获益。“父母经常表扬孩子，认为他们在培养孩子的自信心。然而，过度表扬会产生 27 负面影响，”菲利普说。“当我们 28 反复使用同样的表扬时，它可能会变得空洞，不再被孩子看重。这也可能成为他们的一种期望：他们所做的任何事情都必须 29 得到表扬。这可能导致孩子由于害怕让父母 30 失望而避免冒险。”
这是否意味着我们应该取消所有的表扬呢？菲利普对此持否定态度。“有益的表扬的关键是关注过程而不是 31 结果。认可孩子的努力，或者他们取得一些成就的过程，才是至关重要的。”她说。“父母应该鼓励孩子承担学习和成长所需的风险。”
那么，如何打破我们已经如此习惯了的表扬 32 模式呢？菲利普说重要的是 33 区分“个人表扬”和“过程表扬”。“个人表扬 34 只是说一个人多么优秀。这是认可个人的一种形式。过程表扬是对某人刚刚 35 做出的努力的认可。受到个人表扬的孩子在失败后更容易感到羞耻。”菲利普说。
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作者简介
www.yinbrew.com 创造者。单身。
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