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  • 2025-11-03 更新
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词汇理解

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Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The human brain has the ability to constantly form new networks and connections between brain cells. This means the brain has an almost magical ability to change. This characteristic is    26    apparent in a new study, focusing on people who underwent a hemispherectomy, a surgical procedure in which half of the brain is removed to treat illness.

The findings showed that, despite missing half of this critical    27    , participants could function well. This was because the    28    half of their brain strengthened. In fact, researchers found that connections—and thus communication—between parts of different brain networks are actually stronger in people who had hemispherectomies than in people with intact brains. This    29    that the brain is able to compensate for loss of certain brain structure.

There are many other cases in the medical    30    that document the brain’s amazing ability to    31   . For example, a young boy had a significant portion of his brain removed for medical reasons, which included the part of the brain    32    for sight. But a few years after his surgery, scientists found that he could    33    see. They determined that this was because other parts of his brain took over the missing part’s    34    tasks. Another study involved people who could smell, despite missing the region in the brain that processes information about smells. Though they are not sure how these individuals    35    the ability to smell, scientists believe it is possible that another part of the brain took on that task.

 

A) adapt    B) hardly    C) indicates    D) insist    E) literature    F) organ    G) particularly    H) remaining    I) responsible    J) retained    K) still    L) strategy    M) transformed    N) underlines    O) visual

人类大脑具有持续在脑细胞之间形成新网络和连接的能力。这意味着大脑拥有一种近乎神奇的改变能力。这一特性在一项新研究中    26    尤为明显,该研究聚焦于接受大脑半球切除术(一种为治疗疾病而切除一半大脑的外科手术)的人群。

研究结果显示,尽管缺失这一关键    27    器官的一半,参与者仍能正常生活。这是因为他们大脑中    28    剩余的一半得到了强化。事实上,研究人员发现,接受过大脑半球切除术的人,其大脑不同网络各部分之间的连接(及由此产生的信息交流),实际上比大脑完整的人更强。这    29    表明大脑能够弥补某些脑结构的损失。

医学    30    文献中存在许多其他案例,记载了大脑惊人的    31    适应能力。例如,一个小男孩因医疗原因切除了很大一部分大脑,其中包括大脑中    32    负责视觉的区域。但在手术数年后,科学家发现他    33    仍然能够看见东西。他们判定,这是由于其大脑的其他区域接管了缺失部分的    34    视觉任务。另一项研究涉及一些人,尽管他们缺失大脑中处理嗅觉信息的区域,却仍能闻到气味。虽然科学家不确定这些人如何    35    保留了嗅觉能力,但他们认为,可能是大脑的另一部分承担了该任务。

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particularly (adv. 特别,尤其)
语法判断:空格所在句子结构为“This characteristic is ______ apparent”,主系表结构完整,空格处需填入一个副词来修饰形容词“apparent”。
语意判断:前文提到大脑有“近乎神奇的改变能力”,本句指出这一特性在一项新研究中“明显”。为了强调这项研究对该特性的有力证明,填入“particularly”(尤为,特别)最为贴切,起到了强调和突出的作用。

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organ (n. 器官)
语法判断:空格前有形容词“critical”(关键的),后有“half of”(一半),因此空格处需填入一个名词。
语意判断:本文通篇讨论大脑,而“hemispherectomy”(大脑半球切除术)是一种切除部分大脑的手术。大脑是人体的一个重要器官,因此填入“organ”符合语境,指代“这个关键的器官”。

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remaining (adj. 剩余的,剩下的)
语法判断:空格位于定冠词“the”之后,名词“half”之前,因此需要填入一个形容词来修饰“half”。
语意判断:前文提到患者“缺失了一半”大脑,本句解释他们仍能正常生活的原因是“______ half”得到了强化。与“缺失的”一半相对应,自然就是“剩余的”一半,因此“remaining”在语意上完全契合。

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indicates (v. 表明,显示)
语法判断:空格前为句子主语“This”,后为“that”引导的宾语从句。句子缺少谓语动词,且主语为单数,因此需填入一个第三人称单数形式的动词。
语意判断:前句描述了研究发现(大脑半球切除术后患者脑内连接更强),本句“大脑能够弥补损失”是该发现得出的结论。因此,“This”指代前文研究发现,它与后文是“表明”或“说明”的关系,“indicates”准确地表达了这种论证关系。

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literature (n. 文献,资料)
语法判断:空格前为形容词“medical”(医学的),后接“that”引导的定语从句,因此空格处需填入一个名词。
语意判断:本句意在说明,除了前述研究,在“医学______”中还有许多类似案例。表示某个学科领域内记载的书籍、文章等资料,通常使用“literature”一词,故“medical literature”(医学文献)是固定且地道的表达。

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adapt (v. 适应)
语法判断:空格前为“the ability to”,其中“to”是不定式符号,因此空格处需填入一个动词原形。
语意判断:文章核心在探讨大脑在受损后通过调整和改变来维持功能,这体现了其强大的“适应”能力。且下文的两个具体案例(视觉和嗅觉)都是大脑“适应”(adapt)能力的具体表现,因此“adapt”在语意上高度概括了文章主旨。

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responsible (adj. 负责的)
语法判断:空格位于名词短语“the part of the brain”之后,介词短语“for sight”之前。需要一个与“for”搭配构成后置定语的形容词或分词,修饰“the part”。
语意判断:本句意思是“大脑中______视觉的区域”。表示某个身体部位或部件“负责”某项功能,最常用的表达就是“responsible for”,故此处填入“responsible”最为准确。

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still (adv. 仍然,还)
语法判断:空格位于主语“he”和谓语“could see”之间,修饰动词“see”,因此需要填入一个副词。
语意判断:前句提到该男孩大脑中负责视觉的区域已被切除,按照常理他应失明。但手术后数年,科学家发现他“______能够看见”。“still”(仍然)一词突出了在这种不利条件下,视觉功能得以出乎意料地保留,形成了强烈的语义转折和对比。

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visual (adj. 视觉的,视力的)
语法判断:空格前为所有格“the missing part's”,后为名词“tasks”,因此需要填入一个形容词来修饰“tasks”。
语意判断:本案例讨论的是视觉功能。被切除的脑区原本负责“视觉”,因此它本应处理的自然是“视觉任务”。“visual tasks”精准地描述了这些任务的性质,与其他选项(如嗅觉)形成区分。

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retained (v. 保留,保存)
语法判断:空格前为从句主语“these individuals”和疑问副词“how”,后为宾语“the ability to smell”,因此空格处需要填入一个谓语动词。
语意判断:前句提到这些人缺失了处理嗅觉的脑区“却仍能闻到气味”,本句是科学家不确定他们如何“______”了这种能力。“retained”(保留、仍然拥有)与上文的“still”和“despite”形成完美呼应,表明能力在结构缺失的情况下被保存了下来。

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